Bibliography for BRM5220 - Equine Reproductive Physiology and Breeding Technology BETA

‘A comparative study of follicular dynamics between lactating and non-lactating mares: effect of the body condition’ (2002) Theriogenology, 58(2–4), pp. 553–556. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(02)00851-8.

Aerts, J. and Bols, P. (2010) ‘Ovarian Follicular Dynamics: A Review with Emphasis on the Bovine Species. Part I: Folliculogenesis and Pre-antral Follicle Development’, Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 45(1), pp. 171–179. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01302.x.

Ainsworth, C.G.V. and Hyland, J.H. (1991) ‘Continuous infusion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) advances the onset of oestrous... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 44. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1795265.

Alexander, S.L. and Irvine, C.H.G. (1991) ‘Control of onset of breeding season in the mare and its artificial regulation by progesterone... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 44. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1795275.

Allen, W. (2001) ‘Fetomaternal interactions and influences during equine pregnancy’, Reproduction, 121(4), pp. 513–527. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1530/rep.0.1210513.

Allen, W. (2002) ‘The influence of maternal size on placental, fetal and postnatal growth in the horse. II. Endocrinology of pregnancy’, Journal of Endocrinology, 172(2), pp. 237–246. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1720237.

Allen WE (1975) ‘Ovarian changes during early pregnancy in pony mares in relation to PMSG production.’, Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement, (23), pp. 425–428. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1060819.

ALLEN, W.E. and HADLEY, J.C. (1974) ‘Blood Progesterone Concentrations in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Mares’, Equine Veterinary Journal, 6(2), pp. 87–93.

ALLEN, W.R. et al. (1974) ‘Further Studies on the Use of Synthetic Prostaglandin Analogues for Inducing Luteolysis in Mares’, Equine Veterinary Journal, 6(1), pp. 31–35. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1974.tb03925.x.

Allen, W.R. (1978a) ‘Control of Oestrus and Ovulation in the Mare’, in Control of ovulation: [proceedings of the 26th. Nottingham Easter School in Agricultural Science]. London: Butterworth.

Allen, W.R. (1978b) ‘Control of ovulation and oestrus in the mare’, in Control of ovulation: [proceedings of the 26th. Nottingham Easter School in Agricultural Science]. London: Butterworth.

Allen, W.R. (1982) ‘Journal of Reproduction and Fertility’, Immunological aspects of the equine endometrial cup reaction and the effect of xenogenic extra species pregnancy in horses and donkeys, 31.

Allen WR (1987) ‘Extraspecific donkey-in-horse pregnancy as a model of early fetal death.’, Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement, 35, pp. 197–209. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/3479576.

Allen, W.R. (1992) ‘The diagnosis and handling of early gestational abnormalities in the mare’, Animal Reproduction Science, 28(1–4), pp. 31–38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4320(92)90088-U.

Allen, W.R. (2001) ‘Fetomaternal interactions and influences during equine pregnancy’, Reproduction, 121(4). Available at: http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/121/4/513.full.pdf.

Allen, W.R. and Cooper, M.J. (1993) ‘Prostaglandins’, in Equine reproduction. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

Allen, W.R. and Rowson, K.E.A. (1973) ‘Control of the mares oestrous cycle by prostaglandins’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 33. Available at: http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/33/3/539.full.pdf.

Allen, W.R. and Stewart, F. (1993) ‘ECG’, in Equine reproduction. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

Alm CC (1975) ‘The effect of a corticosteroid (dexamethasone), progesterone, oestrogen and prostaglandin F2alpha on gestation length in normal and ovariectomized mares.’, Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement, (23), pp. 637–640. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1060857.

Almahbobi, G. et al. (1988) ‘Age related morphological and functional changes in the leydig cells of the horse’, Biology of Reproduction, 38. Available at: http://www.biolreprod.org/content/38/3/653.full.pdf.

Amann, R.P. (1981a) ‘A review of anatomy and physiology of the stallion’, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 1(3), pp. 83–105. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(81)80022-6.

Amann, R.P. (1981b) ‘Spermatogenesis in the stallion: A review’, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 1(4), pp. 131–139.

Amman, R.P. (1993) ‘Physiology and endocrinology’, in Equine reproduction. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

Argo, C.M., Cox, J.E. and Gray, J.L. (1991a) Effect of oral melatonin treatment on the seasonal physiology of pony stallions. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1795254.

Argo, C.M., Cox, J.E. and Gray, J.L. (1991b) ‘Effect of oral melatonin treatment on the seasonal physiology of pony stallions. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 44. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1795254.

Arrott, C. et al. (1994) ‘Biodegradable estradiol microspheres do not affect uterine involution or characteristics of postpartum estrus in mares’, Theriogenology, 42(2), pp. 371–384. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(94)90282-8.

Ashbury, A.C. (1991) ‘Examination of the mare’, in Equine medicine and surgery. 4th ed. Goleta, Calif: American Veterinary Publications.

Ashdown, R.R. and Done, S. (1987a) Color atlas of veterinary anatomy: [Vol.2]: The horse ; Raymond R. Ashdown, Stanley H. Done ; photography by Susan A. Evans. Philadelphia: Lippincott.

Ashdown, R.R. and Done, S. (1987b) Color atlas of veterinary anatomy: [Vol.2]: The horse ; Raymond R. Ashdown, Stanley H. Done ; photography by Susan A. Evans. Philadelphia: Lippincott.

Aurich, C. et al. (1994) ‘Involvement of endogenous opiords in the regulation of LH and testosterone release in the male horse’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 102. Available at: http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/102/2/327.full.pdf.

Aurich, C., Hoppe, H. and Aurich, J.E. (1995) ‘Role of Endogenous Opioids for Regulation of the Oestrous Cycle in the Horse’, Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 30(4), pp. 188–192. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.1995.tb00144.x.

Aurich, L. et al. (1994) ‘Effects of the opioid antagonist naloxane on release of LH in mares during the anovulatory season’, Journal of Endocrinology, 142.

B R Bhavnani (2013) ‘Formation of Steroids by the Pregnant Mare. III. Metabolism of 14C-Squalene and 3H-Dehydroisoandrosterone Injected into the Fetal Circulation1 1’, Endocrinology [Preprint]. Available at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/endo-92-3-657.

Ball, B.A. and Brinsko, S.P. (no date) ‘Early Embryo loss - a research update’, in Modern Horse Breeding IX.

Barbacini, S. et al. (2010) ‘Retrospective study on the efficacy of hCG in an equine artificial insemination programme using frozen semen’, Equine Veterinary Education, 12(6), pp. 312–317. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.2000.tb00067.x.

Barnea, E.R. (2004) ‘Insight into Early Pregnancy Events: The Emerging Role of the Embryo*’, American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 51(5), pp. 319–322. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00159.x.

BARNES, R.J. et al. (1978) ‘FOETAL AND MATERNAL PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF 13,14-DIHYDRO-15-OXO-PROSTAGLANDIN F IN THE MARE DURING LATE PREGNANCY AND AT PARTURITION’, Journal of Endocrinology, 78(2), pp. 201–215. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.0780201.

Bazer, F.W., Ott, T.L. and Spencer, T.E. (1994) ‘Pregnancy recognition in ruminants, pigs and horses: Signals from the trophoblast’, Theriogenology, 41(1), pp. 79–94. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(05)80052-4.

Bazer, F.W. and Thatcher, W.W. (1977) ‘Theory of maternal recognition of pregnancy in swine based on estrogen controlled endocrine versus exocrine secretion of prostaglandin F2α by the uterine endometrium’, Prostaglandins, 14(2), pp. 397–401. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-6980(77)90185-X.

Beckett, S.D. et al. (1972) ‘Corpus cavernosum penis pressure and external penile muscle activity during erection in the goat’, Biology of Reproduction, 7(3). Available at: http://www.biolreprod.org/content/7/3/359.full.pdf.

Belin, F. (2000) ‘Intrafollicular Concentrations of Steroids and Steroidogenic Enzymes in Relation to Follicular Development in the Mare’, Biology of Reproduction, 62(5), pp. 1335–1343. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod62.5.1335.

Bell, R.J. and Bristol, F.M. (1987) ‘Fertility and pregnancy loss after delay of foal oestrus with progesterone and oestradid 17’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Supplement, 35.

Bennett-Wimbush, K. et al. (1998) ‘The effects of perphenazine and bromocriptine on follicular dynamics and endocrine profiles in anestrous pony mares’, Theriogenology, 49(4), pp. 717–733. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(98)00021-1.

Bergfelt, D.R. et al. (2007) ‘Ovulation synchronization following commercial application of ultrasound-guided follicle ablation during the estrous cycle in mares’, Theriogenology, 68(8), pp. 1183–1191. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.08.020.

Bergfelt, D.R. and Adams, G.P. (1996) ‘Ovarian synchronization following follicle ablation in mares’, Theriogenology, 45. Available at: https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.elsevier-37ec66d8-e950-394e-a187-31b0b6569a0e.

Bergfelt, D.R. and Ginther, O.J. (1992) ‘Relationships between circulating concentrations of fish and follicular waves during early pregnancy in mares’, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 12(5), pp. 274–279. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(06)81332-8.

Bergfelt, D.R. and Ginther, O.J. (1993a) ‘Relationships between FSH surges and follicular waves during the estrous cycle in mares’, Theriogenology, 39(4), pp. 781–796.

Bergfelt, D.R. and Ginther, O.J. (1993b) ‘Synchronous fluctuations of LH and FSH in plasma samples collected daily during the estrous cycle in mares’, Theriogenology, 40(6), pp. 1137–1146.

Berglund, L.A. et al. (1982) ‘Effect of pregnancy status and collection technique on prostaglandin F in the uterine lumen of pony mares’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 32.

Berndston, W.E. and Jones, L.S. (1989) ‘Relationship of intratesticular testosterone content to age, spermatogenesis, sertoli cell distribution and germ cell:  ratio’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 85. Available at: http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/85/2/511.full.pdf.

Berndtson, W.E., Squires, E.L. and Thompson, D.L. (1983) ‘Spermatogenesis, testicular composition and the concentration of testosterone in the equine testis as influenced by season’, Theriogenology, 20(4), pp. 449–457.

Besognek, B., Hansen, B.S. and Daels, P.C. (1996) ‘Dopaminergic regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in seasonally anoestrus mares’, Journal of Reproduction of Fertility, 108. Available at: http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/108/1/55.full.pdf.

Besognek, B., Hansen, B.S. and Daels, P.F. (1995) ‘Prolactin secretion during the transitional phase and relationships to onset of reproductive season in mares’, Biology of Reproductive Monograph Series, 1.

Besognet, B., Hansen, B.S. and Daels, P.L. (1996) ‘Dopominergic regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in seasonally anoestrus mares’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 108. Available at: http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/108/1/55.full.pdf.

BHAGU R. BHAVNANI (2013) ‘Formation of Steroids by the Pregnant Mare. IV. Metabolism 14of C-Mevalonic Acid and 3H-Dehydroisoandrosterone Injected into the Fetal Circulation14’, Endocrinology [Preprint]. Available at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/endo-92-5-1397.

Binelli, M. and Murphy, B.D. (2010) ‘Coordinated regulation of follicle development by germ and somatic cells’, Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 22(1), pp. 1–12.

‘Biology of Reproduction’ (1991), 45.

Blanchard, T.L. et al. (1990) ‘Pulsatile release of gonadotropins in young pony stallions’, Theriogenology, 34(6), pp. 1087–1097.

Blanchard, T.L. et al. (2004) ‘Mating mares on foal heat: a five-year retrospective study. - CAB Direct’, American Association of of Equine Practitioners [Preprint]. Available at: http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20053193852.html;jsessionid=83D515E2C3F9E9E0CCD8D19B4C9D0757.

Blanchard, T.L. et al. (2012) ‘Influence of day of postpartum breeding on pregnancy rate, pregnancy loss rate, and foaling rate in Thoroughbred mares’, Theriogenology, 77(7), pp. 1290–1296. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.034.

Blanchard, T.L. and Macpherson, M.L. (1993) ‘Breeding mares on foal heat’, in Equine reproduction. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

Blue, B.J. et al. (1991) ‘Effect of pulsatile or continuous administration of GnRH on reproductive function of stallions. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central’, Journal of Reproduction and Fetility, 44. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1795258.

Bonnet, A., Dalbiès-Tran, R. and Sirard, M.A. (2008) ‘Opportunities and challenges in applying genomics to the study of oogenesis and folliculogenesis in farm animals’, Reproduction, 135(2).

Bos, H. and van der Mey, G.J.W. (1980) ‘Length of gestation periods of horses and ponies belonging to different breeds’, Livestock Production Science, 7(2), pp. 181–187. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(80)90105-0.

Bowling, A.T., Milton, L. and Hughes, J.P. (1987) ‘An update of chromosomal abnormalities in mares.’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 35. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/3479571.

Boyle, M.S. et al. (1987) ‘Distribution of spermatozoa in the mare’s oviduct’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 35. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/3479620.

Bradecamp, E.A. (1993) ‘Synchronisation of Ovulation’, in Equine reproduction. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

Brendemuehl, J.P. and Cross, D.L. (2000) ‘Influence of the dopamine antagonist domperidone on the vernal transition in seasonally anoestrous mares.’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 56. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/20681130.

Bristol, F. (1980) ‘Oestrus synchronisation in mares’, in Current therapy in theriogenology: diagnosis, treatment and prevention of reproductive diseases in animals. Philadelphia: Saunders.

BRYANT-GREENWOOD, G.D. (1982) ‘Relaxin as a New Hormone*’, Endocrine Reviews, 3(1), pp. 62–90. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv-3-1-62.

Burkhardt, J. (1947) ‘Transition from anoestrus in the mare and the effects of artificial lighting’, The Journal of Agricultural Science, 37(01). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600013083.

Burns, P.J., Kumaresan, P. and Douglas, R.H. (1981) ‘Plasma oxytocin concentrations in cyclic mares and sexually aroused stallions’, Theriogenology, 16(5), pp. 531–539.

Burns SJ, Irvine, C.H. and Amoss, M.S. (1979) ‘Fertility of prostaglandine induced oestrus compared to normal post-partum oestrus’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 27. Available at: https://doi.org/info:pmid/289796.

Burns, T., Chenier, T. and Munroe, G. (no date) ‘Male Reproductive Tract’, in Equine clinical medicine, surgery, and reproduction. London: Manson/Veterinary Press.

Campitelli, S., Carenzi, C. and Verga, M. (1982) ‘Factors which influence parturition in the mare and development of the foal’, Applied Animal Ethology, 9(1), pp. 7–14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3762(82)90161-4.

Carnevale, E. et al. (1999) ‘Comparison of oocytes from young and old mares with light and electron microscopy’, Theriogenology, 51(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(99)91858-7.

Carnevale, E.M., Hermenet, M.J. and Ginther, O.J. (1997) ‘Age and pasture effects on vernal transition in mares’, Theriogenology, 47(5), pp. 1009–1018. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(97)00058-7.

Caslick, E.A. (1937) ‘The vulva and vulvo-vaginal orifice and its relation to genital tracts of the Thoroughbred mare’, Cornell Vet, 27.

Causey, R.C. (2007) ‘Mucus and the mare: How little we know’, Theriogenology, 68(3), pp. 386–394. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.04.011.

Chavatte, P. (1997) ‘Corticosteroid synthesis by the equine fetal adrenal’, Biology of Reproduction [Preprint]. Available at: http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US1997055739.

CHAVATTE, P. et al. (2010) ‘Biosynthesis and possible biological roles of progestagens during equine pregnancy and in the newborn foal’, Equine Veterinary Journal, 29(S24), pp. 89–95. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb05084.x.

Choi, S.J., Anderson, G.B. and Roser, J.F. (1995) ‘Production of estrogen conjugates and free estrogens by the pre-implantation equine embryo’, Biology of Reproduction, 52.

Christensen, J.W. et al. (2002) ‘Social behaviour in stallion groups (Equus prezewalskii and Equus caballus) kept under natural and domestic conditions’, Applied Animal Behaviour and Science, 76. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159101002088.

Claus, R. et al. (1992) ‘Estrogens and prostaglandin F2α in the semen and blood plasma of stallions’, Theriogenology, 38(4), pp. 687–693.

Clay, C.M. et al. (1988) ‘Influences of season and artificial photoperiod on stallions:  Luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone’, Journal of Animal Science, 66. Available at: https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/jas/abstracts/66/5/JAN0660051246.

Clay, C.M. et al. (1989) ‘Influences of season and artificial photoperiod on stallion’s pituitary and testicular responses to exogenous GnRH’, Journal of Animal Science, 67. Available at: https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/jas/abstracts/67/3/JAN0670030763.

Clay, C.M. and Clay, J.N. (1992) ‘Endocrine and testicular changes associated with season, artificial photoperiod, and the... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central’, Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice, 8. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1576553.

Cleaver, B.D. et al. (1991) ‘Effect of constant light exposure on circulating gonadotrophin levels and hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) content in the ovarie... - PubMed - NCBI’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Supplement, 44. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1795268.

Colahan, P.T. (1991) Equine medicine and surgery. 4th ed. Goleta, Calif: American Veterinary Publications.

Collingsworth, M.G.R. et al. (2001) ‘Changes in plasma gonadotrophin and prolactin concentrations following castration of the pony stallion’, Theriogenology, 55(5), pp. 1171–1180. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00475-7.

Cooper, M.J. (1981) ‘Prostaglandins in Veterinary practice’, In Practice, 3.

Cox JE (1975) ‘Oestrone and equilin in the plasma of the pregnant mare.’, Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement, (23), pp. 463–468. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1060825.

COX, J.E., EDWARDS, G.B. and NEAL, P.A. (1979) ‘An Analysis of 500 cases of Equine Cryptorchidism’, Equine Veterinary Journal, 11(2), pp. 113–116. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1979.tb01321.x.

Crowell-Davis, S.L. (2007) ‘Sexual behavior of mares’, Hormones and Behaviour, 52:1. Available at: http://sites.oxy.edu/clint//physio/article/sexualbehaviorofmares.pdf.

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Daels, P.F. et al. (1991) ‘The corpus luteum a major source of oestrogen in early pregnancy in the mare’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 44.

Daels, P.F. et al. (2000) ‘Dopamine antagonist-induced reproductive function in anoestrous mares: gonadotrophin secretion... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 56. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/20681129.

Daels PF et al. (2000) ‘Dopamine antagonist-induced reproductive function in anoestrous mares; gonadotrophin secretion and the effects of environmental cues’, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, (56), pp. 173–183. Available at: https://doi.org/info:pmid/20681129.

DAELS, P.F. et al. (2010) ‘Prostaglandin release and luteolysis associated with physiological and pathological conditions of the reproductive cycle of the mare: a review’, Equine Veterinary Journal, 21(S8), pp. 29–34.

Daels, P.F. and Hughes, J.P. (1995) ‘Fertility control using intrauterine devices: An alternative for population control in wild horses’, Theriogenology, 44(5), pp. 629–639. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(95)00243-2.

Davies Morel, M.C.G. (1999a) Equine artificial insemination. Wallingford: CABI Publishing.

Davies Morel, M.C.G. (1999b) Equine artificial insemination. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, pp. 37–77.

Davies Morel, M.C.G. (2015) Equine reproductive physiology, breeding and stud management. Fourth edition. Wallingford: CABI.

Davies Morel, M.C.G., Newcombe, J.R. and Holland, S.J. (2002) ‘Factors affecting gestation length in the Thoroughbred mare’, Animal Reproduction Science, 74(3–4), pp. 175–185. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(02)00171-9.

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Dinger, J.E., Noiles, E.E. and Bates, M.J.L. (1981) ‘Effect of progesterone impregnated vaginal sponges and PMSG administration on estrus synchronization in mares’, Theriogenology, 16(2), pp. 231–237. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(81)90105-9.

doig, R.A. and Waelchi, R.O. (1993) ‘Endometrial Biopsy’, in Equine reproduction. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

Donadeu, F. and Pedersen, H. (2008) ‘Follicle Development in Mares’, Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 43, pp. 224–231. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01166.x.

Douglas, R.H., Nuti, L. and Ginther, O.J. (1974) ‘Induction of ovulation and multiple ovulation in seasonally-anovulatory mares with equine pituitary fractions’, Theriogenology, 2(6), pp. 133–142. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(74)90063-6.

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Eagle, R.C. (2000) ‘Characterization and Distribution of Gonadotrophs in the Pars Distalis and Pars Tuberalis of the Equine Pituitary Gland During the Estrous Cycle and Seasonal Anestrus’, Biology of Reproduction, 63(3), pp. 826–832. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod63.3.826.

Easley, J. (1993) ‘External Perineal conformation’, in Equine reproduction. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, pp. 19–26.

Eddy, E.M. (2006) ‘The spermatozoon’, in Knobil and Neill’s physiology of reproduction. 3rd ed. San Diego, Calif: Elsevier.

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